A course to a sustainable development based on the innovation economy, on the one hand, and priority of the social policy, on the other hand, has been chosen in Russia. The objective to come into the five of the largest economies of the world, the top nations in terms of GDP volume (at purchasing power parity) by 2015-2020 has been assigned in the economic domain; in social decisions - to pass to a breakthrough social policy - the social development policy oriented to the human development.
For a successful realization of the selected development vectors the intelligence priority capacity building on the basis of science, education and production alliance is necessary. Federal Universities, the network of which should be formed in accordance with the RF President Edict, are called to put this integration into effect.
It is the Federal Universities that can be engaged in a sound scientific, scientific and technological, innovative, patent and license, inventive and educational activity, carry out the experimental developments and tests.
On the logic of the steps undertaken by the government one can come to the conclusion that Federal Universities are created to solve nationwide strategic problems, to satisfy national social and economic needs; Federal Regional Universities are called to solve problems of the regional level, and a network of other retained HEIs, having passed into the rank of municipal or autonomous ones, will mainly satisfy the present needs of the population in higher vocational education.
If we analyse the Federal Universities list including the universities created within the framework of the National Priority Project "Education" (the Siberian and Southern Universities) and being created pursuant to the Presidential Edict (the Far Eastern University), it may be concluded that Russia builds "intellectual outposts" on its borders.
For a successful realization of the long-term development strategy of Russia the necessity of sustainable spatial development has been defined for the first time ever: "New territorial growth branches will be formed both in the areas of new raw material resources and traditional regions of industrial and agrarian potential concentration of Russia". So, a further formation of the Federal Universities network is advisable to be continued in the North.
Very often, when quoting our famous fellow-countryman M.V. Lomonosov´s statement "... Russia´s might will grow with Siberia and the Arctic Ocean...", the last words are omitted - "the Arctic Ocean, which means the North in the wide sense of the word".
Northern Territories play a key role in the national economy, in providing security and geopolitical interests of Russia. The North of Russia possesses the richest natural-resources potential, which is made up of land, water, forest and various mineral resources first of all. The hydrocarbon reserves explored at the present time in the Arctic Ocean seas will, according to the specialists´ research, be sufficient for 250 years. The unique mineral resources field reserves in the Arctic continental shelf of Russia allow speaking about them as the foundation of accelerated economic development of Russia in XXI century.
But the North - is 2/3 of Russian territory. That is why, to our opinion, a single "intellectual outpost" is insufficient here. So, we substantiate the necessity of creating the North-European Federal University together with the Northern University in Archangelsk.
Why Archangelsk?
Right from here the development of the Arctic sea and Arctic Regions were conducted. Archangelsk has a profitable strategic and position letting a direct travel to the Arctic. The Arctic is the "kitchen of weather" - a unique nature laboratory, the research o which allow forecasting the climate of the Earth, providing the air and sea fleets (inclusive of submarine force) communications and navigation. The Arctic - is the only region on the planet, where there is a direct travel to three oceans all at once: the Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Right here Russia provides itself the shortest safe straitless travel to the World´s water.
Today, like in the 50´s, is the time to start developing the Northern Sea Route all over again. Colossal oil and gas deposits are opened in the shelf area of the Arctic Ocean. The largest of them - Stockman gas-condensate deposit, Prirazlomnoye oil field and a range of coastal ones - start already being developed. These fields will define the socioeconomic development of the North and Russia as a whole for the nearest 25-50 years.
The delivery to the fields of floating ice-resistant platforms, ice-breaker support for tank ships´ and liquid gas carriers´ navigation, transportation of people, equipment, foodstuffs, fuel and many other things to the platforms and weather stations are needed for their development.
On the extperts´ estimate, to provide such a production level in the shelf area, to prepare and transport of production it will be necessary about 100 000 of specialists from geologists to ecologists, from seamen and dockers to hydrometeorologists prepared to wintering in the Arctic.
Experts are also required for developing other potential resources of the North - diamonds, bauxites, mineral coal, non-ferrous metals.
The training of highly-qualified personnel of technical and engineering profile for the MIC enterprises needs a special attention. The military-industrial complex of the Archangelsk Region includes such objects of federal value as the Russian State Center of Atomic Shipbuilding, "Plesetsk" launch area, "Novaya Zemlya" providing ground. They are unique enterprises using the most advanced and high technologies.
Ecological problems also acquire a special value in our region. Right in the North of Russia the planet natural ecosystems´ largest massif, which serves a reserve of the biosphere sustainability, has retained. To solve the environmental issues common to the North of the European Continent (and other territories of the globe, as well) and protect particularly vulnerable boreal environmental conditions the organization of constant ecological-sociological-and-economical monitoring, according to expert opinion, is necessary. It is classical universities, where all the three specified lines have been developing for a long time and are organic components of the scientific-educational complex, that are most prepared to its realization.
Also the internal links are traditionally strong in our Region, with our Scandinavian neighbors, first of all. Archangelsk, founded more than 420 years ago, turned into a peculiar "window to Europe" for Russia (and for Europe it has become a "door to Russia").
During the post-Soviet period it was the Archangelsk Region that was one of the originators of the Barents-cooperation. And this is not by accident. Business and cultural relations between the dwellers of the Northern Territories, which today form the Barents-region, had been existing for thousands of years. The Conference of the Barents Euro-Arctic Region countries on the development of education and science was held in April, 1993. In 2003 the Archangelsk Region was acknowledged to be one of the pilot regions in realization of the Bologna Declaration principles taking into account the BEAR-cooperation good results in the scientific and educational sphere. Today, the leading HEIs of the Region have cooperation agreements with more than 50 foreign universities from 20 countries, they conducting more than 60 scientific and educational projects.
The intensive international cooperation is extremely relevant for the formation of a federal university. For, it is no coincidence that among the selection criteria for the universities supported by the government the research and development activity volume per one instructor and also the scale of international programs are mentioned in the RF Socio-Economic Development Forecast General Parameters up to 2020-2030.
The total scientific potential of the main state universities of Archangelsk is also sufficient to form a federal university. Qualitative characteristics of the faculty concerning the share of diplomats correspond to the accreditation parameter of universities. The current situation in three Archangelsk HEIs is represented in table 1.
Table 1. Number and structure of regular lectures (according to the data from the 3-HK form, 2007)
Qualitative composition of lecturers |
HEI |
||
PSU named after M.V. Lomonosov
|
ASTU |
NSMU |
|
Regular lecturers Total (persons) |
548 |
515 |
403 |
Among them: Dr. Sc. (persons) Cand. Sc. (persons) |
54 283 |
49 273 |
72 198 |
Share of Dr. Sc. (%) |
9,85 |
9,5 |
17,9 |
Share of Dr. and Cand Sc. (%) |
61,5 |
62,5 |
67 |
Note: composed from the data:
http://www.edu.ru/vuz/list/483/prep_kont.php?isn=483&ter=11&okpo=02079201 http://www.edu.ru/vuz/list/26/prep_kont.php?isn=26&ter=11&okpo=02068019 http://www.edu.ru/vuz/list/25/prep_kont.php?isn=25&ter=11&okpo=01962988
The research and development activity volume in the Archangelsk state technical University (ASTU) in 2007 made 51 million rubles or more than 99 thousand rubles per one teacher. In the Pomorsky state University (PSU) named after M.V. Lomonosov these parameters make accordingly 38 million rubles or more than 69 thousand rubles per one teacher. The research and development activity volume in the Northern State Medical University (NSMU) is relatively lower and made in 2007 12,5 million rubles or a bit more than 31 thousand rubles per one teacher.
The creation of a federal university will allow bringing the runoff of youth from our Region to stop and attracting applicants from other regions and republics, and also from the former USSR countries. It is of urgent interest as the demographic situation of the Archangelsk Region and other regions of the European North is characterized by the decrease in human resources and high natural and migratory decrease. Beginning with 1989, the number of legal population of the Archangelsk Region inclusive of the Nenets Autonomous District, decreases annually by 1%. The runoff of able-bodied citizens beyond the European North regions - is an unallowable human potential loss narrowing the development prospects of the Northern Territories and geopolitical interests´ realization of Russia down.
And one more convincing reason. In 2011 not only Russia, but also the whole world, will celebrate the 300th birthday anniversary of our genius fellow-countryman encyclopedist-scientist M.V. Lomonosov. And the best memorial for him seems to be the creation of the Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov in Pomorye.
The North-European Federal University can be created by the transformation of the three state universities located in Archangelsk in the form of joining the federal university. All the academic scientific institutes of the Region (NorthMachHTEI located in Severodvinsk and Archangelsk Branch of the Marine Academy named after Makarov) should also be included into the created scientific-and-educational complex. Then, a powerful regional educational, scientific and cultural center able to provide the promising orientations of the European North socio-economic development with local skilled workers will be created.
It is advisable initially to form the organizational framework of this university on the ground of separation of specialized institutes such as Pedagogical, Medical, Engineering-and-Technical, Oil-and-Gas, Social and Humanitarian, Marine ones, the institutes of Information Technologies, Economics and Management, Northern Territories and Scandinavistics.
The integrating efforts of HEIs and academic science would give a higher return, having allowed concentrating the resource potential. First, this concentration of the resources is necessary to create the implementation and consulting infrastructures of the university, such as Consulting Centers or Centers of Technologies´ Transfer. Organization Departments involving students into research-and-development activities should also be created: student business incubators or preincubators. An assembled structure organizing the employment of students and graduates, their adaptation to the regional labour market is also necessary in a federal university.
For the present-day effective development of the Northern Territories not only production technological innovations are necessary, but social innovations as well, the appearance of which is possible within a multiple-discipline university only. The innovative social technologies are necessary to form and develop the social potential of the North, where, by virtue of multiple-factor inhabitation discomfortness manifestation, a complex social situation and unfavorable demographic tendencies develop and where native minorities with their traditional way of life live.
One more privilege of a united federal university becomes an opportunity to accumulate supplementary estimates to strengthen material resources, technical equipment and program and methodological support of educational, research and innovative activities. The experience of the first two federal universities testified that their consolidated budgets increased by percents, but many times. Thereat, the supplementary budgetary financing created a multiplicative effect as it stimulated the co-financing of the universities on the part of private business structures.
Thus, the creation of the North-European federal University will allow grouping resources to pass to a new university functioning model; will change it from a traditional scientific and educational organization into a regional development innovation center of its location. The considered transformations, in their turn, will become a guarantee of success of the strategic objective of leveling the interregional differentiation and providing a sustainable territorial development of Russia.
References
1. Bulatov V.N. Arctic in Russian policy: historical experience and forelock // Regional policy and development problems of European North: look from XX into XXI century - Arch-k: Publishing House of Pomorye State University, 1999 - pp. 33-34.
2. Bulatov V.N. Role of universities in social development of northern regions // Russian North: trajectory and prospects of social development / under the reduction of N.A. Volgin, V.N. Pivnenko - M.: КНОРУС, 2006 - pp. 58-63.
3. Goldin V.I. Russia and science: antinomies of cooperation // National committee reporter "Intellectual Assets of Russia", 2006, N4 - pp. 10-19.
4. Zolotukhin A. To prepare in time to serious problems: [on the role of the Archangelsk Region in the Arctic continental shelf development: interview] // Constellation (Sozvezdye), 2007, N1 - pp. 8-9.
5. Conception of long-term socio-economic development of Russian Federation - [electronic document] - http://www.economy.gov.ru/wps/wcm/ myconnect/economylib/mert/resources/3879cd804 ab8615ab426fc4234375027/kdr_15_10_08_itog.doc
6. Matveyev V.I. On the necessity of creation of Archangelsk regional scientific and educational center of natural sciences // National committee reporter "Intellectual Assets of Russia", 2006, N4 - pp. 24-27.
7. Northern regional studies in modern regionology: monograph / Executive editor Yu.F. Lukin - Archangelsk, 2005.
8. Social potential of the region as a factor of Northern Territories development: monograph / A.A. Dergalo, V.I. Ulyanovsky, V.V. Bryzgalov, V.I. Krikunenko, T.P. Shekhina - Archangelsk: Pomorye University, 2008.
9. Socio-cultural space: traditions and innovations, global and regional dimension: Materials of X Solovetsky Forum / Executive editor Yu.F. Lukin - Archangelsk - Slovetskie Islands, 2001.
10. Formation of integrated scientific and educational space in European North as response to challenges of XXI century: Collection of articles / Authors: A.S. Krylov, G.A. Komarova, Ye.V. Kudryashova - Archangelsk: Pomorye University, 2005.
11. Schwartzman Yu.G. Integration of intellectual resources for sustainable development of European North of Russia // National committee reporter "Intellectual Assets of Russia", 2006, N4 - pp. 133-135.
12. http://document.kremlin.ru/doc.asp?ID=045754, http://www.economy.gov.ru/wps/wcm/ myconnect/economylib/mert/resources/3879cd804ab 8615ab428fc4234375027/proekt_prognoz_2020.doc
The work was submitted to international scientific conference «Modern education. Problems and solutions», Thailand - Cambodia, February 18-28, 2009, came to the editorial office 11.12.2008.
The indicator of research activity per one teacher was calculated by us not on the basis of the faculty wage number, but on the number of lecturers according to the 3-HK form data - http://www.edu.ru/vuz/list/25/
Библиографическая ссылка
Sinitskaya N.Ya., Stepanov V.V. FORMATION OF FEDERAL UNIVERSITIES AS CONDITION OF INTELLIGENCE CAPACITY BUILDING IN RUSSIA // Международный журнал прикладных и фундаментальных исследований. – 2009. – № 1. – С. 43-46;URL: https://applied-research.ru/ru/article/view?id=348 (дата обращения: 17.08.2024).